University of Oxford. Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press. Dawn, C. Elmandjra, M. Westview Press, Inc. Gomaa, A. Hassouna, H. New York: Dobbs Ferry. Hinnebusch, R. Hourani, C. Humphreys, R. Berkeley: University of California Press. Ireland, P. Khadurri, M. Khalidi, R. Khoury, P. Korany, B. London: Croom Helm. Lindholm Schulz, H. Farrell, B. Hettne and L.
London: Pluto Press. Masters, J. Peck, C. Pinfari, M. Ramsbotham, O. Syracuse University Press. Satloff, R. New York. It is only within the nation that a people could modernize and progress. His view of the Arab nation was inclusive of all groups and races speaking the Arabic language in the Middle East including North Africa.
His was a secular concept of Arab nationalism with the added ultimate political objective of Arab unity. This latter was interpreted by the Ba'athists as meaning the formation of a single independent Arab state incorporating the Arab nation.
Until the humiliating defeat by Israel in the June war, it attracted the hopes and support of the peoples of the Middle East and North Africa. This defeat had the corrosive effect of undermining faith in an already weakening ideology that had served as a guide, a strategy, and driving force in the region that competed with other developing local nationalisms.
It was apparent that Arab governments were neither inclined to integrate, nor able to unite on the basis of solidarity, nor cooperate to defeat the Zionist state of Israel. Subjects: Social sciences — Politics. Hardy, R.
Mandaville, P. Islam and International Relations of the Middle East. In: L. Fawcett, ed. Matthews, W. Pan-Islam or Arab nationalism? Middle East Stud. Mellon, J. Pan-Arabism, pan-Islamism and inter-state relations in the Arab World. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics , 8 4 , pp. Shulze, K. The Rise of Political Islam.
In: B. Antony, ed. New York: Routledge. Tibi, B. Arab nationalism. New York: St. Before you download your free e-book, please consider donating to support open access publishing. E-IR is an independent non-profit publisher run by an all volunteer team. Your donations allow us to invest in new open access titles and pay our bandwidth bills to ensure we keep our existing titles free to view.
Any amount, in any currency, is appreciated. Many thanks! Donations are voluntary and not required to download the e-book - your link to download is below. Nathanael Chouraqui. This content was originally written for an undergraduate or Master's program. It is published as part of our mission to showcase peer-leading papers written by students during their studies. Public Domain via Wikipedia. A Complex Pattern of Interactions An investigation of the intellectual and political history of Islamism and Arab nationalism draws the picture of a wide diversity of modes of interactions and definitely refutes a simplistic opposition model.
A Common Rejection of the West It will first be found that both Islamism and Arabism emerge as a reaction to the Western penetration of the region and have similar societal functions in that respect. Divergent Ideological Apparatuses In other terms, both are a reaction to the West, but these reactions are themselves fundamentally different.
References Anderson, B. Imagined communities. Pan-Arabism is a political movement emerging in the mid-to-late nineteenth century and reaching its acme in the s, which advocated the political, cultural and socioeconomic unity of Arabs across the different states that emerged after decolonisation, from the Mashreq Arab East to the Maghreb Arab West. In that sense, it is a movement eminently tied to colonial and postcolonial history, indeed arguably conceived of indissociably from it. The failure, so to speak, is that the movement gradually turned inwardly, becoming concerned almost solely with intra-Arab issues, in isolation of what role pan-Arabism could play globally alongside pan-Africanism and pan-Asianism for instance, and indeed onto alliances with Latin American movements, to contribute to an alternative reading and organisation of international politics on the basis of regionalism.
Such minimal ambition and limited purview — which were not necessarily the initial orientation, when say the April Bandung Conference was convened — ended up, too, facilitating the political drift of pan-Arabism as it became the basis of postcolonial authoritarianism in most of the countries where it had risen to political power. Pan-Arabism has often been discussed in flat terms, with the phenomenon treated as a static ideological variable — something that is also the result, I would say, of an Orientalist reading.
All the same, a cogency of this sort would, paradoxically, enable later on a collapse more easily than a set of diffuse, wider social dynamics able to ebb and flow. What kind of tensions and impediments do you observe in the ideas of Arab national and pan-national ideologies, and how have they been navigated? Pan-Arabism was a strong movement with substantial appeal in large segments of the Arab world.
However, it carried two principal fault lines.
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