Tone deals with how someone communicates their words. You can speak with someone and identify their tone as happy or upset. Your tone conveys your mood, so we can say that it is a more pragmatic part of communication because your emotions significantly affect your tone. This can be most obvious when someone is upset or annoyed. Perhaps they are being sarcastic, and you can quickly identify their tone as mocking or otherwise. Tone is essential in practical communication as it helps define your meaning.
It is important to remember to keep the right tone when speaking. This is where it can become confusing. Tone helps convey the meaning of a sentence through a sprinkling of emotion. Tone is the conveying of emotion behind our words. Oh, to be a baby! Four topics that might give you trouble are accent, pitch, tone and stress. Learning the functions of accent, pitch, tone and stress can help you a lot when working on your pronunciation in a new language.
To start, we have to talk about accent. This kind of accent describes how focus is placed on a particular syllable to distinguish it from the rest. Depending on the language, there can be a stress accent, a pitch accent or some combination of vocal features creating accent.
Pitch is how high or low your voice is perceived to be. Some languages are pitch-accent languages, which means one syllable is marked by a different pitch. Being a fluctuation, it is characterized as the downward or upward movement of the voice or sound.
Tone is shown or heard in how something is being said. It is more like an attitude rather than being a voice pattern. Thus, tone is part of pragmatic communication. By using different tones, the words in a sentence can have other meanings aside from the real original meaning of those words.
Going back to intonation, when a person asks a question, the intonation is usually high at the end of the question to mark the asking of that question. In giving statements the opposite of asking questions , one is prompted to say a positive statement using a higher intonation like in how you congratulate or commend someone for a job well done.
For negative sentences that bear messages that are not so good to the receiver, the intonation used by the speaker is usually low or falling. This can best be exemplified when somebody gives you his or her condolences for a relative of yours who recently died. That is not what the difference between intonation and tone is. The list of physical primitives for tone versus intonation are probably mostly the same and is more than pitch it includes duration and phonation: intonation also involves amplitude in a way that tone doesn't.
Beyond that, the difference is about distribution, function, and especially "where you do it in the grammar". Tone is a phonological thing which is potentially lexicalizable, like nasality and rounding, and like any other phonological feature it can be exploited to make morphological and syntactic distinctions particular syllables have their tone modified by the addition of floating tones, which may signal a particular tense or definiteness.
Whatever you can mark with a segmental affix, you can mark with a tonal feature. There are cases where tone interacts with semantics, but these may be reduced to a syntactic configuration as the triggering environment. There is some controversy over what representational unit bears tone, but the most credible candidates are the mora and the syllable.
Intonation is "added on top" and exists in all languages, tonal and non-tonal. Intonation is a phonetic modification of the phonological output. The scope of intonation is much wider, being some multi-word unit of syntax generically called "the phrase", or "the intonational phrase". In non-tonal languages, it is generally connected to wherever the stress is if the language has an identifiable stress location , and involves some system of manipulations of phonation, duration, pitch and amplitude.
You can also modify the realization of tone with intonation, and there can be interactions between phonological stress and tone, and intonation. The properties that it reflects are more restricted.
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