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The State of Victoria and the Department of Health shall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the materials contained on this website. Skip to main content. Home Infections. Toxic shock syndrome TSS. Actions for this page Listen Print. Summary Read the full fact sheet. On this page. Symptoms of toxic shock syndrome TSS and risks of tampon use Treatment for toxic shock syndrome Reducing the risk of toxic shock syndrome Where to get help Things to remember.
Toxic shock syndrome TSS is a rare and potentially life-threatening illness that is thought to be caused by infection with certain types of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Women who have their period are menstruating are most likely to get TSS, as it is thought to be associated with tampon use. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, but one theory is that the bacteria naturally present in the vagina can over-grow in the presence of a blood-soaked tampon.
That number has gone down significantly, likely due to changes in tampon material and absorbency, stricter warning label guidelines, and increased awareness, according to the CDC. Now, the rate of toxic shock syndrome is closer to one case per , women ages 19 to Clearly, not everyone who forgets to change a tampon or who leaves one in overnight gets toxic shock syndrome. But why not? It turns out that a lot of people have antibodies that protect them from S.
Menstrual cups and any other products that retain blood over an extended period of time can create a similar environment that can cause bacteria to grow, explains Anita Tiwari, M. When someone has toxic shock syndrome, their body is fighting off infection from all fronts. Symptoms include high fever, vomiting or diarrhea, severe muscle aches, feeling extremely weak or dizzy, and a sunburn-like rash, usually occurring together and getting progressively worse over time.
Hospital care is required for treating a staph infection and related complications caused by TSS, such as shock. You will be given antibiotics to kill the bacteria and stop further release of toxins. If the source of infection involves a tampon, diaphragm or contraceptive sponge, it should be removed as soon as possible.
TSS from a staph infection can affect anyone; however, some people are at greater risk of TSS than others. Women who use tampons, menstrual cups, diaphragms, cervical caps or contraceptive sponges can prevent TSS by:.
Skip to main content. Last Updated:. April Download PDF:. What is Toxic Shock Syndrome? Other blood tests can help doctors:. Besides giving antibiotics and IV fluids, as needed doctors will:. There, doctors can watch their blood pressure and breathing and check for signs of other problems, such as organ damage. Washing hands well and often can help prevent the bacteria that cause toxic shock syndrome from spreading.
Between menstrual periods, store tampons away from heat and moisture, where bacteria can grow for example, in a bedroom rather than in a bathroom closet. Clean and bandage all skin wounds as quickly as possible. Call your doctor if a wound gets red, swollen, or tender, or if a fever begins. Symptoms of toxic shock syndrome come on suddenly. Call your doctor right away if you get a sudden high fever, feel faint, or have any other signs of TSS. Reviewed by: Marcella A.
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