To get around on land , people walked, rode donkeys or travelled by wagon. They carried goods on their head, but the donkeys and wagons hauled heavier loads. Camels were almost unknown in Egypt until the end of the pharaonic period.
T he wheel was probably introduced into Egypt by the Hyksos, an Asiatic people who invaded the country and ruled it in the fifteenth and sixteenth dynasties.
The Hyksos most likely had horse-drawn chariots , which were used in warfare. New Kingdom pharaohs and nobles adopted this mode of transportation for hunting expeditions, but it was not used for travel by the common people. Back to Exhibitions. This was mega helpful as a reference when it came to all the different aspects of Egyptian life: such a great overview of the nitty gritty! Cleopatra: A Life. Stacy Schiff, Virgin Books, Contraception and Abortion from the Ancient World to the Renaissance.
John M. Riddle, Harvard University Press, Dancing for Hathor: Women in Ancient Egypt. Carolyn Gaves-Brown, Continuum, May Kara Cooney, National Geographic, Women in Ancient Egypt. Barbara Watterson, Amberley Publishing, Feb. Wonders of the Ancient World. National Geographic Special Editions, Mark, Ancient History Encyclopedia. I used many of their articles as reference materials. So, a lot of eras to splash around in.
We tend to think of it as one colorful, sand-blown sweep of grand pyramids, huge statues, and guys wearing eyeliner. These are called the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. That was right before the age of pharaohs come to an end and Egypt became a Roman province. Historians break it all up into numbered Dynasties, each one representing a different ruling family, from Dynasty 1 all the way to Has this roller coaster made you feel like spewing?
I feel you. This ladycentric timeline should give you a general sense of what happened when and what order the dynasties went in. But really, this timeline only comes into its true majesty when you see it blown up to poster size: you can get it at A2 size in my Etsy merchandise shop. Now we have iPhones and ships that go into space. This ladycentric map of ancient Egypt should give you a feel for where all of our ladies were operating from. If you like what you see, order a printed copy of this poster in my Etsy merchandise shop!
I have it framed above my mantel right now and it looks fabulous. How did it become such a force to be reckoned with? It flows, rather strangely, from south to north, winding through Egypt like a powerful snake and spitting out in the Mediterranean. The Nile dictates every aspect of our lives, and how we see the world we live in. The river floods every spring, called the inundation.
When it recedes, it leaves a verdant strip of land that is the literal lifeblood of Egypt. That harvest feeds a huge portion of the ancient world. Much like they say that everything in Australia is big, has teeth, and can kill you, everything along the Nile River is larger than life: think giant palm fronds, date and banana trees, swaying papyrus, and giant hippos, which I just found out have webbed toes: who knew?
He and his river are seen as fertile, too. As such, its waters are sometimes given as a wedding present to ensure the bride is quick to conceive. And in this world, we have three social classes: the small sliver that is the royals and the noble families surrounding them; the large wedge of free working people, and a smaller chunk claimed by slaves and serfs.
Which, to me, looks like a torture device, but apparently it protects us from evil spirits while we sleep, so This is what ancient Egyptians used instead of a pillow. Does this look like a comfortable place to rest your head? Yeah, well…at least it wards off evil spirits. These houses have mostly been lost to time.
Behind that are the rooms we wash up and sleep in. How fancy this structure is depends entirely on how much money we have. Our farm gal will probably have a wooden stool with a hole in it, and beneath that, a bowl filled with sand.
FYI: we will be pooping this way until someone invents the flushing toilet many, many centuries from now. So I hope you brought some Wet Wipes with you. While our 19th-century Victorian friends from Season 1 are concerned that bathing too much is going to make you sick, we Egyptian ladies are concerned that bathing too little is going to be the death of us.
Plus, being clean brings us closer to the gods. This is convenient, as living in a sticky-hot desert tends to make one want to bathe multiple times a day. The Egyptians do it upwards of four times, when they can. Full baths tend to be a public affair had in bathhouses, not at-home soak fests. The water will go down a drain to be collected in a jar somewhere, then used to water the garden. We often mix natron into our bathing water, a natural salt not unlike bicarb soda, which is also used to preserve dead bodies in the mummification process.
So, multi-purpose! A hairy Egyptian body is not a happy body. So thank the gods for razors and tweezers! They were made of copper back in the Old Kingdom, but now bronze is the metal of choice.
Small bronze tweezers with rounded head from tomb E'05 7 at Esna. They look pretty familiar, no? Courtesy of the National Museums in Liverpool. Yes, for realsies! Though their brushes are probably more like sticks with rags on the end, and their toothpaste probably leaves something to be desired in modern eyes.
For those wanting to keep fresh throughout the day, there are perfumes: a lot of them. Its contents depend on what we can afford. Have you ever walked through a cedar pine forest? Sweet gods, it is the best smell in the world. Syrian balsam and oil of Libya are also luxe options. Other ingredients include iris root, cinnamon, cardamom, myrrh, honey, even wine and flowers from the henna bush.
The Egyptians sure know how to create a diverse and potent smellscape. We suspect a couple of supplies are used: papyrus wrapped in cloth may have made a handy tampon, or a cloth tied to some kind of belt. Though our blood is not always considered a bad thing. Suffering from saggy breasts? Smear some on and things should perk up a bit!
Mmmm…maybe later. Men and women alike are big fans of makeup, most particularly that dramatic cat-eye look this civilization is famous for. A win all around! Originally our eyeliner was green, a color thought to enhance health, and made of ground malachite, which is also prescribed for medical problems related to the pubic area.
And guess what? Modern science tells us that malachite does indeed kill several kinds of infectious bacteria. The ancient Egyptians know their stuff. Queen Hetepheres lived a lush life, and she died with everything she needed to continue her own personal party: a portable canopy, bed with headrest, armchair, and curtain box, all designed of wood overlaid with gold.
Her bed was just 5 feet 9 inches long, and she would have slept on her side with her cheek on her torture device of a headrest. A foot-rest kept her from slipping down. This small cosmetic vessel belonged to Meretnubt, a daughter of King Thutmose I BCE , and would have held some of her makeup. The Egyptians loved putting their beautifying liquids into cute little jars. This highly polished metal mirror ca BCE has a handle in the form of the goddess Hathor.
Scratchy, but effective. Queens and commoners both seek the help of hairdressers, when they can afford one. For those going bald or with greying hair, we have many remedies, which usually involve some mixture of blood, fat, and oil.
We like our hair long, with a sharp, blunt cut. But we might also cut it in horizontal rows, or weave in some curls and braids just for funsies. It will be greased into submission with beeswax. So, your lover might not want to run their fingers through your hair. Wigmakers also enjoy a brisk trade.
Because wigs are in, friends, particularly in the New Kingdom. And where we are, lice is a no-joke problem. Hair on hair, baby! What keeps bringing me back is the people and there are just so many things to see. In June, tours planned include the National Museum of Egyptian Civilisation, a downtown walking tour and an exclusive visit to Abdeen Palace. Considering Covid regulations, groups are limited to a capacity of 12 guests and face masks are required.
More information is at www. This Instagram account has more than 41, followers and features photos of Attia and Debaiky's travels throughout the country.
They plan to publish a narrative picture book of their adventure later this year, following the opening of the Grand Egyptian Museum. Courtesy Around Egypt in 60 Days. The couple's journey began with the start of their relationship, after they got engaged. Not wanting to celebrate in traditional hotel ballrooms, they held their engagement party by the Nile, their Katb Kitab signing of the Islamic marriage contract inside the Citadel of Cairo's Muhammad Ali Mosque and their wedding in Al Manial Palace in The couple then spent their honeymoon partially in Aswan and Hurghada, where they explored the Giftun islands, such as Mahmya, with its crystal-clear turquoise waters.
Why not explore all 27 governorates of Egypt and document them? Not this time. The band and its producer closely followed the original blueprint.
The music video juxtaposed clips of the band performing onstage with scenes of the group strutting in Egyptian garb and headdresses. It also interspersed random New Yorkers bending their arms in Egyptian hieroglyphic poses. Sternberg has written and produced many songs for various artists over the decades. Sternberg has lived in France since His wife is Ariane Delarbre, a classical dance teacher in a Paris conservatory whose former students perform in major companies.
The two got married in March after more than 20 years together.
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